Fernandez, L.S., Byard, D., Lin, C., et al. (2002). Frail Elderly as Disaster Victims: Emergency Management Strategies. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. Vol.17, No.2.

The authors of this study identified the vulnerabilities of the elderly to disasters, and provide strategies for emergency management personnel to address these vulnerabilities. Results from their research indicate that the vulnerability of the elderly is related to their impaired physical mobility, diminished sensory awareness, chronic health conditions, and social and economic limitations that prevent adequate preparation for disasters, and hinder their adaptability during disasters.