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COVID-19 Vaccine Resources
Topic Collection
January 21, 2021

Topic Collection: COVID-19 Vaccine Resources

This Topic Collection focuses on vaccine-specific plans, tools, templates, and other immediately implementable resources to help with COVID-19 preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts.

The distribution and administration of vaccines to prevent COVID-19 should build on established plans. Federal, state, territorial, local, and tribal governments and their healthcare and other emergency preparedness partners have conducted extensive planning on the most effective methods to distribute and administer medical countermeasures – including vaccines – in their communities. Refer to the ASPR TRACIE Mass Distribution and Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures Topic Collection for related resources.  Resources marked with an asterisk (*) appear in more than one category.

Please refer to the NIH Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines and CDC’s Coronavirus Disease 2019 webpage for the most up-to-date guidance on COVID-19 outbreak management.

If you have COVID-19 best or promising practices, plans, tools, or templates to share with your peers, please visit the ASPR TRACIE Information Exchange COVID-19 Information Sharing Page (registration required) and place your resources under the relevant topic area. Resources specific to Vaccines can be placed under the COVID-19 Vaccines Resources Topic.

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Education and Training

American Medical Association. (2020). COVID-19 and Vaccine Development. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This page includes links to webinars and other educational information related to COVID-19 vaccination.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Training Module. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This online training module provides information to healthcare workers on COVID-19 vaccine approval and safety, storage, handling, administration, and reporting.
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* COVID-19 Real-Time Learning Network. (2020). Vaccines and Immunity. (Added 12/23/2020.)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Infectious Diseases Society of America.
This page provides a broad range of information on vaccine development and distribution planning.
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Minnesota Department of Health. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Trainings for Health Professionals. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This page includes links to webinars and on-demand training for health professionals involved in the COVID-19 vaccination effort.
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Oregon Health Authority. (2020). COVID-19 Training for Vaccine Providers. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page includes links to training required or recommended in the state of Oregon, manufacturer-specific training, and other sources of optional training.
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TRAIN. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Training Programs for Healthcare Professionals. (Added 12/28/2020.) (Free registration required.)
This page offers links to vaccination training programs for health professionals.
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General Resources

American Nurses Association. (2020). Guiding Principles for Nurses and the COVID-19 Vaccines. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This document identifies access, transparency, equity, efficacy, and safety as the guiding principles for the vaccination of nurses and other healthcare professionals.
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ASPR TRACIE. (2018). Mass Distribution and Dispensing of Medical Countermeasures.
This Topic Collection provides links to federal, state, local, and tribal programs and resources, lessons learned, plans, tools, and templates, courses, and guidance that can help planners address the need to effectively distribute and administer medical countermeasures (MCMs) to a large number of persons in a short period of time, particularly through mass dispensing efforts led by public health authorities.
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ASPR TRACIE. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Planning and Considerations.
This ASPR TRACIE TA response includes links to resources related to the approval, allocation, distribution, and administration of vaccines to prevent COVID-19.
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ASPR TRACIE. (2020). Influenza Epidemic/ Pandemic. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response.
The resources in this Topic Collection include the lessons learned from the 2009 pandemic, strategies for maintaining “business as usual” for healthcare facilities, checklists, and others that can help emergency medical staff plan for and respond to a pandemic.
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Association of University Centers on Disabilities. (2020). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ): COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Considerations for the Disability Community. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This document answers frequently asked questions about COVID-19 vaccine approval, manufacturing, allocation, and distribution for state and local disability leaders.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page provides information for healthcare workers on getting vaccinated, preparing patients for vaccination, and finding additional COVID-19 vaccine resources.
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* COVID-19 Real-Time Learning Network. (2020). Vaccines and Immunity. (Added 12/23/2020.)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Infectious Diseases Society of America.
This page provides a broad range of information on vaccine development and distribution planning.
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Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Vaccination Planning FAQ. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This document answers frequently asked questions related to COVID-19 vaccination planning.
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Gavi. (2020). There are Four Types of COVID-19 Vaccines: Here’s How They Work. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This page provides an overview of the four different COVID-19 vaccine types in development: whole virus, protein subunit, nucleic, and viral vector.
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Pharmaceutical Supply and Payment Chain Coalition. (2020). Guiding Principles for Safe and Efficacious COVID-19 Vaccine Development, Distribution, Allocation, and Mass Immunization. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This statement by 17 organizations offers seven guiding principles related to COVID-19 vaccine. It calls for transparent and scientifically rigorous vaccine development, approval, and post-marketing surveillance processes; equitable allocation of vaccine; consistent and clear public engagement and communication; a well-coordinated national distribution strategy; accounting for the readiness of the local vaccination infrastructure and workforce; prioritization and promotion of COVID-19 vaccination; and ensuring affordability and access.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccines. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This landing page provides links to the latest information on the development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Vaccine Development – 101. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This webpage describes the steps that vaccine developers follow when seeking FDA approval of a vaccine.
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Plans, Tools, and Templates

AABB. (2021). Toolkit for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). (Added 1/11/2021.)
This frequently updated toolkit includes tabulated information about changes to the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP); detailed information about blood donor referrals after COVID-19 vaccination or CCP infusion; flowcharts on investigational and EUA use, collection, and testing and labeling of CCP, and a sample flowchart for updating a deferral policy for vaccines to help evaluate donor risk following vaccination.
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American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2020). ASHP COVID-19 Vaccine Planning Tool for Pharmacists and Pharmacies. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This tool guides the involvement of pharmacists and pharmacy staff in institutional and community COVID-19 vaccine planning efforts. It addresses integration with institutional planning, vaccine supply and distribution, infrastructure, personnel, patient care, vaccine safety monitoring and surveillance, and legislative and regulatory controls.
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* American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Security, Storage, and Handling Resource Guide. (Added 1/11/2021.)
This resource guide includes information on general security and storage, procurement, pharmacy security and storage, transport, and patient care area security and storage of COVID-19 vaccine as well as management of COVID-19 vaccine returns to pharmacy and community pharmacy considerations.
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* Ariadne Labs. (2020). Vaccine Allocation Planner for COVID-19. (Added 12/23/2020.)Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and The Surgo Foundation.
This tool allows planners to enter the state population of prioritized groups, available COVID-19 vaccine doses, and allocation approach (proportional to population or according to two different vulnerability indexes) to view the distribution of vaccine across counties and population groups.
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Association of Immunization Managers. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Preparation Tips for Immunization Program Managers. (Added 12/23/2020.)
Immunization program managers can use this checklist to help prepare for COVID-19 vaccination efforts.
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Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Program Planning: A Checklist for State and Territorial Health Officials. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This checklist offers steps for health departments to take in preparation for the availability of a COVID-19 vaccine.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Communication Toolkit for Medical Centers, Clinics, and Clinicians. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page includes materials that providers can use to communicate with patients about vaccination to prevent COVID-19. Materials include fact sheets, posters, stickers, slides, social media messages, videos, and communications guides.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Program Interim Playbook for Jurisdiction Operations. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This playbook can help public health departments and their response partners plan and operationalize their COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Interim Jurisdiction COVID-19 Vaccination Playbook Draft Executive Summaries. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page includes links to the executive summaries of the COVID-19 vaccination plans of state, territorial, and local public health agencies and their partners.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Long-Term Care Facility Toolkit: Preparing for COVID-19 Vaccination at Your Facility. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This toolkit includes various resources to support COVID-19 vaccination of long-term care facility residents and staff.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This toolkit shares best practices for vaccine storage and handling. It includes an addendum focused on COVID-19 vaccines.
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Indian Health Service. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic Vaccine Plan. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This plan details how the Indian Health Service will prepare for and distribute COVID-19 vaccine to its Direct Service facilities, Tribal health programs, and Urban Indian Organizations.
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U.S. Department of Defense. (2020). DoD Announces COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Plan. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This press release announces the Department of Defense’s plan to distribute and administer COVID-19 vaccine to uniformed service members, dependents, retirees, civilian employees, and select contract personnel. It includes links to the department’s COVID-19 vaccine guidance and vaccine distribution and population schema.
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U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Plan for the Veterans Health Administration. (Added 12/23/2020.)
This plan describes department activities related to vaccination of veterans and staff, including prioritization of healthcare workers and veterans residing in long-term care facilities.
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Post-Vaccination Issues

CDC COVID-19 Response Team and U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020. (Added 1/11/2021.)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70..
This report details initial reports of adverse events following administration of the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Between December 14 and 23, 2020, 21 cases of anaphylaxis were reported following administration of 1,893,360 doses of vaccine.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Post Vaccine Considerations for Healthcare Personnel. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers considerations for healthcare personnel with systemic signs and symptoms after receiving a vaccination for COVID-19.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Post Vaccine Considerations for Residents. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers considerations for residents of long-term care facilities with systemic signs and systems after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). V-safe After Vaccination Health Checker. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page includes information about the smartphone-based tool for personalized check-ins following vaccination to prevent COVID-19. The page offers a description of the tool and registration information.
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Risk Communication Tools and Considerations

American Health Care association and National Center for Assisted Living. (2020). Communications Toolkit. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This toolkit contains various resources to support the #GetVaccinated campaign, including talking points, templates, and media materials.
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American Pharmacists Association. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy: Understanding and Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy During COVID-19. (Added 1/11/2021.)
This updated fact sheet provides information for pharmacists’ conversations with their customers about immunization, including tips for addressing vaccine hesitancy generally and in racial or ethnic minority populations more specifically.
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American Psychological Association. (2020). Building Vaccine Confidence Through Community Engagement. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This resource highlights attitudes and behaviors associated with vaccines. It offers strategies on building vaccination acceptance and confidence that will be important to the COVID-19 vaccination effort.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Answering Patients’ Questions. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers suggestions for healthcare providers on answering patient questions about vaccination to prevent COVID-19.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccination Communication Toolkit for Medical Centers, Clinics, and Clinicians. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page includes materials that providers can use to communicate with patients about vaccination to prevent COVID-19. Materials include fact sheets, posters, stickers, slides, social media messages, videos, and communications guides.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Talking to Recipients about COVID-19 Vaccines. (Added 12/28/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers communication strategies to aid healthcare providers in talking with their patients about vaccination to prevent COVID-19.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Vaccines. (Added 12/28/2020.)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This landing page provides information for the public about COVID-19 vaccines, recommendations, administration plans, and safety. It also includes answers to frequently asked questions.
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McKenna, Maryn. (2020). Vaccines are Here. We Have to Talk About Side Effects. (Added 12/28/2020.)Wired.
This article describes the side effects that many people should expect to experience following COVID-19 vaccination and discusses the importance of communicating this possibility with the public now to counter disinformation about the vaccine and misattribution of symptoms that overlap with COVID-19 infection.
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Public Health Institute. (2020). Communicating about the COVID-19 Vaccines: Guidance and Sample Messages for Public Health Practitioners. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This page provides tips and sample language for communicating with the public about COVID-19 vaccination.
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Schoch-Spana, M., Brunson, E., Long, R., et al.. (2020). The Public’s Role in COVID-19 Vaccination: Planning Recommendations Informed by Design Thinking and the Social, Behavioral, and Communication Sciences. (Added 12/28/2020.)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Health Security.
The authors – members of the Working Group on Readying Populations for COVID-19 Vaccines – offer five recommendations to advance public understanding of, access to, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Trust for America’s Health. (2020). Ensuring COVID-19 Vaccine Access, Safety, and Utilization: Building Vaccination Confidence in Communities of Color. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This webinar offers suggestions on how to build vaccine confidence and access in communities of color.
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Vaccine Logistics - Administration

American Medical Association. (2020). AMA Announces Vaccine-Specific CPT Codes for Coronavirus Immunizations. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page is a reference for the Current Procedural Terminology code set for COVID-19 vaccine-specific codes.
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American Pharmacists Association. (2021). Authority to Immunize During COVID-19: Pharmacists, Pharmacy Technicians, and Pharmacy Interns. (Added 1/11/2021.)
To help pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy interns know about the expectations and requirements for their authority to immunize during the COVID-19 pandemic, this updated table lists requirements for COVID-19 vaccinations and childhood vaccinations.
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* American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Security, Storage, and Handling Resource Guide. (Added 1/11/2021.)
This resource guide includes information on general security and storage, procurement, pharmacy security and storage, transport, and patient care area security and storage of COVID-19 vaccine as well as management of COVID-19 vaccine returns to pharmacy and community pharmacy considerations.
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ASPR TRACIE. (2020). Hospital Operations Toolkit for COVID-19: Administration – Vaccine Logistics.
This section of the Hospital Operations Toolkit for COVID-19 discusses strategies for hospitals to administer allocated vaccine to their staff.
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Association of Immunization Managers. (2020). Product/Services List for Catch-up, Flu, and COVID-19 Vaccination Campaigns. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This resource provides information on sources of products and services to support COVID-19 and other vaccination campaigns.
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Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. (2020). Pfizer and Moderna Vaccine Comparison. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This one-page table compares the target populations, efficacy, administration, possible side effects, safety for pregnant/lactating individuals, storage requirements, and minimum purchase orders for the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Guidance for Planning Vaccination Clinics Held at Satellite, Temporary, or Off-Site Locations. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page provides guidance to inform vaccination clinic planning. It applies to both routine vaccination clinics as well as those established for emergencies, such as COVID-19. In addition to outlining activities necessary to operate a vaccination clinic, checklists are available for supplies and best practices.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Currently Authorized in the United States. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers clinical considerations for the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines related to: administration; interchangeability with other COVID-19 vaccine products; coadministration with other vaccines; booster doses, vaccination of those with SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure; vaccination of persons with underlying medical conditions, immunocompromised persons, pregnant or lactating people, and adolescents; patient counseling; contraindications and precautions; reporting of vaccine adverse events; and interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 test results in vaccinated persons. It includes a table to inform the triage of persons presenting for vaccination.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Interim Considerations: Preparing for the Potential Management of Anaphylaxis at COVID-19 Vaccination Sites. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page offers information to help vaccination sites prepare for the initial assessment and management of anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. It identifies signs and symptoms for early recognition, lists medications and supplies recommended to be available at the site, instructs what steps to follow if anaphylaxis is suspected, and provides information on the post-vaccination observation period, patient counseling, and reporting of adverse events.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Long-Term Care Facility Toolkit: Preparing for COVID-19 Vaccination at Your Facility. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This toolkit includes various resources to support COVID-19 vaccination of long-term care facility residents and staff.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Resource Guide on How to Respond to Problems with Purchasing Needles for Influenza and Other Routine Vaccinations. (Added 12/15/2020.)
This page addresses possible concerns about the recommended use and supply of needles during this period of high demand due to COVID-19, influenza, and other vaccinations.
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* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. (Added 12/23/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This toolkit shares best practices for vaccine storage and handling. It includes an addendum focused on COVID-19 vaccines.
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Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Policies and Guidance. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page links to toolkits on COVID-19 vaccine enrollment, coverage, reimbursement, and other information for healthcare providers, state Medicaid programs and Children’s Health Insurance Programs, health insurers, and those helping consumers and beneficiaries.
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* Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Primer on Safe and Efficient Handling of Dry Ice. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This document provides handling information for owners and operators related to dry ice.
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Health Industry Distributors Association. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Orders Will Include Needles and Syringes. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This alert summarizes the needles, syringes, alcohol prep pads, and personal protective equipment that will be included in ancillary kits accompanying COVID-19 vaccine shipments.
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* National Governors Association. (2020). Information Systems and Data Flow for COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution and Administration. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This paper discusses the processes and systems involved in the allocation, ordering, distribution, inventory management, tracking, administration, documentation, and reporting involved in the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign.
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The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Vaccinating Pregnant and Lactating Patients Against COVID-19. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This practice advisory reviews the available evidence related to COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and lactating patients and offers recommendations to guide conversations between providers and their patients about whether to be vaccinated.
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* U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Guidance for PREP Act Coverage for Qualified Pharmacy Technicians and State-Authorized Pharmacy Interns for Childhood Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, and COVID-19 Testing. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This guidance allows state-licensed pharmacists to order and state-licensed pharmacists and registered pharmacy interns to administer COVID-19 vaccines under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act when certain requirements are met.
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Vaccination Logistics – Prioritization

Kates, J., Michaud, J., and Tolbert, J.. (2020). How are States Prioritizing Who Will Get the COVID-19 Vaccine First? (Added 12/30/2020.)Kaiser Family Foundation.
This document analyzes how states prioritized their initial allocations of vaccine to prevent COVID-19, including whether they followed the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Links to each state’s prioritization criteria are included.
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Michaud, J. and Kates, J.. (2020). Distributing a COVID-19 Vaccine Across the U.S. – A Look at Key Issues. (Added 12/30/2020.)Kaiser Family Foundation.
This issue brief identifies key issues related to COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Issues discussed include: funding for vaccine distribution; supply, logistics, and monitoring; federal, state, and local authority over vaccine requirements; insurance coverage and out-of-pocket costs; addressing racial and ethnic disparities; and communication and trust.
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Michaud, J., Kates, J., Dolan, R., and Tolbert, J.. (2020). States are Getting Ready to Distribute COVID-19 Vaccines. What Do Their Plans Tell Us So Far? (Added 12/30/2020.)Kaiser Family Foundation.
This issue brief describes a review of the 64 state, territorial, and local jurisdictional immunization program COVID-19 vaccine response plans submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors summarize how jurisdictions are identifying priority populations for vaccination, identifying a network of providers to administer vaccines, developing data collection and reporting systems to track vaccine distribution, and planning a communication strategy. Also included are links to all publicly available plans.
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National Academy for State Health Policy. (2020). States Plan for Vaccinating Their Populations Against COVID-19. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page uses a map and tables to show the populations prioritized in each state by phase of vaccination.
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National Association of Counties. (2020). Key Considerations for Counties in COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Plans. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This toolkit provides information to counties to inform planning for equitable local distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.
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National Governors Association. (2020). Supporting an Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This report analyzes the initial drafts of jurisdictional COVID-19 vaccination plans submitted to CDC to identify key issues and promote promising practices.
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Vaccine Allocation and Equity

* Ariadne Labs. (2020). Vaccine Allocation Planner for COVID-19. (Added 12/23/2020.)Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and The Surgo Foundation.
This tool allows planners to enter the state population of prioritized groups, available COVID-19 vaccine doses, and allocation approach (proportional to population or according to two different vulnerability indexes) to view the distribution of vaccine across counties and population groups.
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CEPI. (2020). COVAX: CEPI’s Response to COVID-19. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This page describes the partnership of CEPI, Gavi, and the World Health Organization geared towards making two billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine fairly and equitably accessible to participating countries.
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Dooling, K., Marin, M., Wallace, M., et al.. (2020). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Updated Interim Recommendation for Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine – United States, December 2020. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This report outlines the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ COVID-19 vaccine allocation recommendations for Phase 1b (persons age 75 and older and non-healthcare frontline essential workers) and Phase 1c (persons age 65-74, essential workers not included in Phase 1b, and persons 16-64 with high-risk medical conditions).
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Dooling, K., McClung, N., Chamberland, M., et al.. (2020). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine – United States, 2020. (Added 12/28/2020.)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(49);1857-1859.
This report provides the rationale of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices behind recommending that initial, limited supply of COVID-19 vaccine be allocated to healthcare workers and residents of long-term care facilities during Phase 1a.
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Emanuel, E., Persad, G., Kern, A., et al.. (2020). An Ethical Framework for Global Vaccine Allocation. (Added 12/28/2020.)Science. 369(6509):1309-1312.
The authors of this article describe a three-phased Fair Priority Model for distribution of COVID-19 vaccine that prioritizes preventing urgent harms earlier. Phase 1 addresses premature deaths and other irreversible health effects, phase 2 addresses other enduring health harms and economic and social deprivations, and phase 3 addresses community transmission.
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McClung, N., Chamberland, M., Kinlaw, K., et al.. (2020). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Ethical Principles for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine – United States, 2020. (Added 12/28/2020.)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69(47):1782-1786.
The report identifies four ethical principles that guide the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ recommendations for initial allocation of limited COVID-19 vaccine: maximizing benefits and minimizing harms, promoting justice, mitigating health inequities, and promoting transparency.
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Mullard, A.. (2020). How COVID Vaccines Are Being Divvied Up Around the World. (Added 12/28/2020.)Nature.
This article summarizes the quantities of various COVID-19 vaccine candidates that have been pre-ordered and their planned distribution in various countries.
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The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine. (Added 12/28/2020.)The National Academies Press. .
This consensus study report offers a phased framework based on ethical and procedural principles for equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccine that reduces severe morbidity and mortality and negative societal effects of the pandemic. In addition to the framework, the authors addressed implementation challenges related to program administration, risk communication and community engagement, vaccine acceptance, and global equity in allocation.
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Toner, E., Barnill, A., Krubiner, C., et al.. (2020). Interim Framework for COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation and Distribution in the United States. (Added 12/28/2020.)Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Health Security. .
This report offers an ethical allocation framework and suggestions for vaccine distribution. The framework is based on wellbeing and promoting the common good; justice, fairness, and equity; legitimacy, trust, and sense of ownership in a pluralist society; combining and balancing ethical values and principles; adapting to changing conditions and evolving evidence; and linking ethical values and principles with policy goals and objectives.
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World Health Organization. (2020). WHO SAGE Roadmap for Prioritizing Uses of COVID-19 Vaccines in the Context of Limited Supply. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This roadmap provides guidance on COVID-19 vaccine prioritization decisions within countries based on various epidemiological setting and vaccine supply scenarios.
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World Health Organization. (2020). WHO SAGE Values Framework for the Allocation and Prioritization of COVID-19 Vaccination. (Added 12/28/2020.)
This framework offers six core principles and twelve objectives to guide the prioritization of groups for COVID-19 vaccination when supply is limited.
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Vaccine Development and Approval

Bloomberg. (2020). Bloomberg COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page tracks the development status of the most promising COVID-19 vaccine candidates and global purchasing commitments for each.
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London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This frequently updated page provides a summary of vaccine candidates and trial timelines, key attributes of registered trials, a map of planning and ongoing efficacy trials, published safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy data, summary of vaccine distribution information, and frequently asked questions.
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Milken Institute and First Person. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This frequently updated page offers data visualizations tracking all COVID-19 vaccines currently in development by their platform and phase of clinical testing. Other visualizations show how vaccines work, describe the phases of development, and illustrate manufacturing scenarios.
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National Governors Association. (2020). Update on COVID-19 Vaccine Development. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This memo summarizes U.S. government efforts to spur development of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19.
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Oliver, S., Gargano, J., Marin, M., et al.. (2020). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine – United States, December 2020. (Added 12/30/2020.)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(50);1922-1924..
This report documents the rationale supporting ACIP’s interim recommendation to use the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine in persons age 16 and older.
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Oliver, S., Gargano, J., Marin, M., et al.. (2020). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendations for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine – United States, December 2020. (Added 12/30/2020.)Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
This report documents the rationale supporting ACIP’s interim recommendation to use the Moderna vaccine in persons age 18 and older.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Development and Licensure of Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19. (Added 12/30/2020.)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This guidance document assists sponsors in the clinical development and licensure of vaccines to prevent COVID-19.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This guidance document assists sponsors in understanding the data and information required to support the issuance of an emergency use authorization for a vaccine to prevent COVID-19.
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U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020). The Path for a COVID-19 Vaccine from Research to Emergency Use Authorization. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This graphic illustrates the key steps in the COVID-19 vaccine approval process.
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Vaccine Logistics - Distribution

American Health Care Association and National Center for Assisted Living. (2020). Pharmacy Partnership for Long Term Care Program: Overview and Frequently Asked Questions. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This document provides an overview of the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program and answers frequently asked questions.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program for COVID-19 Vaccination: Frequently Asked Questions. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page provides answers to frequently asked questions about the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Understanding the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
This page describes the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program that enables participating pharmacies to provide COVID-19 vaccination onsite at long-term care facilities.
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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Cold Storage Cyber Custodial Care. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This document offers recommendations to owners and operators of cold storage facilities to prepare for cyber threats.
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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Critical Questions and Considerations for Cold Chain, Storage, and Dry Ice Operations. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This list of questions is intended to inform considerations of state, local, territorial, and tribal governments, private sector entities, and cold storage facility owners and operators related to physical security, cyber and infrastructure resiliency, personnel security, and incident response capabilities associated with COVID-19 vaccination logistics.
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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Physical Security for Cold Storage Locations. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This document outlines considerations for the security and integrity of facilities that receive, house, and distribute COVID-19 vaccine.
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* Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2020). Primer on Safe and Efficient Handling of Dry Ice. (Added 12/30/2020.) U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
This document provides handling information for owners and operators related to dry ice.
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McKesson. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Support. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page describes McKesson’s role in the central distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and ancillary supplies.
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* National Governors Association. (2020). Information Systems and Data Flow for COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution and Administration. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This paper discusses the processes and systems involved in the allocation, ordering, distribution, inventory management, tracking, administration, documentation, and reporting involved in the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign.
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National Governors Association. (2020). Preparing for the COVID-19 Vaccine and Considerations for Mass Distribution. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This memo offers actions to prepare for the mass distribution of COVID-19 vaccine.
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Omnicare. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine Resource. (Added 12/30/2020.)CVS Health.
This page shares information on the role of CVS health in the national distribution of COVID-19 vaccine through the Vaccine Clinic Program.
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The Council of State Governments. (2020). State Vaccination Plans. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page offers clickable maps to access each state’s COVID-19 vaccination plan and additional information from states conducting their own reviews of vaccines prior to distribution.
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* U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Guidance for PREP Act Coverage for Qualified Pharmacy Technicians and State-Authorized Pharmacy Interns for Childhood Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, and COVID-19 Testing. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This guidance allows state-licensed pharmacists to order and state-licensed pharmacists and registered pharmacy interns to administer COVID-19 vaccines under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act when certain requirements are met.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Trump Administration Partners with Chain and Independent Community Pharmacists to Increase Access to Future COVID-19 Vaccines. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This press release announces a partnership with pharmacy chains representing 60 percent of the pharmacies in the U.S. to increase the number of COVID-19 vaccinators and vaccination sites available across the nation.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Trump Administration Partners with CVS and Walgreens to Provide COVID-19 Vaccine to Protect Vulnerable Americans in Long-Term Care Facilities Nationwide. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This press release announces the Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program through which CVS and Walgreens agreed to provide and administer COVID-19 vaccines on site to residents of skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, residential care homes, and adult family homes as well as long-term care staff not already vaccinated via other efforts.
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United Parcel Service. (2020). UPS Healthcare Enhances Dry Ice Production Capabilities, Launches Mobile Freezer Storage Units. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This press release announces the ability of UPS to produce up to 1,200 pounds of dry ice per hour to support COVID-19 vaccine storage in U.S. and Canadian hospitals, clinics, and other points of care. It also announces a collaboration with Stirling Ultracold to distribute portable ultra-low temperature freezers to support ultra-cold chain requirements in smaller point of care facilities.
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Walgreens. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccine. (Added 12/30/2020.)
This page offers information on the role of Walgreens in the national COVID-19 mass vaccination effort.
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