Mitigation of Occupational Violence to Firefighters and EMS Responders

The authors reviewed the literature on violence against firefighters and emergency medical systems responders and categorized it under nine themes: historical and contextual grounding, evolution of the definition of violence, characteristics of patients/perpetrators of violence, estimates of violence, EMS responder risk factors, psychosocial impact, under-reporting, best practices, and inventory of best practices and intervention opportunities.