A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Practices Exposing Humans to Avian Influenza Viruses Their Prevalence and Rationale

The authors conducted a systematic literature review to identify practices associated with human infections of avian influenza, their prevalence, and rationale. They found that both direct and indirect exposure to poultry were associated with infection with all virus subtypes and all settings and that association with infection was stronger in markets than households, for sick and dead than healthy poultry, and for H7N9 than H5N1.