A Holistic Assessment of the Risks and Benefits of the Synthesis of Horsepox

This study reviews the re-creation of the horsepox virus and provides an analytical framework to assess the risks and potential benefits of dual use research. The researchers also provide insight on the biodefense enterprise in the U.S., which includes the acquisition of medical countermeasures. The authors conclude risk/benefit assessments are needed at the onset of dual-use research, throughout the development process, and to inform communications about the research.