Tadmor, B., McManus, J., and Koenig, K.L. (2006). The Art and Science Of Surge: Experience From Israel and the U.S. Military. Academic Emergency Medicine. 13(11): 1130-4.

According to the authors, the “art” of surge includes decisions, authority, and responsibility, and the “science” includes numbers and benchmarks. The authors share surge strategies used by the U.S. military and Israel that can be replicated by other healthcare systems.