Factors Influencing Patient Presentation and Transfer to Hospital Rates During Mass-Gathering Stadium Events A Scoping Review

Table 3 of this literature review highlights the year, location, event type, number of attendees, and reported number and patient presentation rates (PPR) of both in-event and external to event health services. Table 4 categorizes factors affecting PPR as biomedical (e.g., gender, age), environmental (e.g., weather, air quality), or psychosocial (e.g., crowd behavior, legal/illegal substance use). The authors then note the inconsistency of data/variables examined to date and suggested three new domains be incorporated into planning considerations: event characteristics, healthcare characteristics, and venue characteristics.